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SOCY 100
1. Nacrisa Ion
Part 1. Identify something that people do that would be considered a violation of social norms. Briefly discuss this action. Who regards this action as deviant and why?
First and foremost, anything that is breaking the law is considered a violation of social norms as it is offensive to most cultures overall. An example would be damaging or taking someone’s property. This behavior is deviant and violates social norms because that behavior is completed without authorization and it was condemned, as Émile Durkheim believed. The public agencies are the ones who regards this action as deviant as their reason is to keep peace as well as set consequences and overall make order to operate a community in a safe and controlled crime area (UMGC, n.d., Socialization)
Part 2. Explain why this type of deviance occurs and/or how society responds to this form of deviance, according to one of the theories in the chapter. As part of your explanation, make sure to also briefly explain the theory.
This type of deviant behavior happens due to factors that play a role into proceeding with such behavior such as genetics, personality, the upbringing in ones life and environment as well as overall societal influences. For example, the conflict theory and symbolic internationalism are factors of such behavior as if one does not obtain money or food from their environment then they complete deviant behaviors to maintain those conditions. As well as differential association theory which could be that they are reacting to how those close to the individual has taught those behaviors to the individual as they have learned or picked it up from the teacher and then that individual executes the behavior which then labels them as thief’s (UMGC, n.d., Deviance and Social Control).
University of Maryland Global Campus. (n.d.). Week 4. Socialization, Social groups, and deviance. Document posted in UMGC SOCY 100 online classroom, archived at https://learn.umgc.edu.
2. Scott Davis
The violation of social norms I chose to talk about this week is theft. In particular theft of mail in the county of Riverside, California. The reason I chose to write about this is I currently live in Riverside County and my mail has been stolen three times in the past four months. Since the first theft, I have installed camera systems that watch my mailbox and hopefully catch the thief in the action of stealing from mailboxes and reporting it to the police. This action is rampant in my area and usually spikes when the government sends specific things in the mail (refunds, W-2s, bank statements, and ballots for voting). This action violation of social norms because it is foremost theft that is punishable by the federal government, but also an invasion of privacy and also a potential for identity theft. The homeowners, local government, police, and mail services consider this deviant. For the homeowners, this is theft of money, personal information, voting rights, and money. For the local police and government, this is deviant because it requires additional resources to help protect the people within its communities and also gives the police force more work to do when they should be focused on other more pressing issues. For the mail services, this creates more work for the mail delivery personnel because they can no longer deliver mail to mailboxes but have to deliver mail in hand to a person at the residence also the postal service has to investigate every claim by an individual for theft of mail.
This deviance occurs for many reasons. First and foremost it is an easy way for them to make money. For example, the state of California refunded every household that made less than two-hundred and fifty thousand dollars for the year 2022 a refund of around one-thousand dollars via mail. The specific parcel was a card that could be activated via phone call like one would with a gift card purchased at the store. During this time every day with the community ring app, we read and learned of at least ten to twenty mailboxes being broken into every night. The issue is most people didn’t even know they were receiving this parcel in the mail and was hugely unannounced until people found out via the news reporting of the thefts. Secondly, because of what is mailed every day I.E. bank statements, w-2s, and medical/ insurance paperwork provides thieves with the easy ability to collect and eventually steal one’s identity causing more money loss and also the issues behind identity theft. All of this can provide the thief with monetary gain with little to no work needing to be done. We as homeowners respond by installing security systems to monitor our homes and mailboxes, also installing more secure mailboxes to prevent theft costing hundreds of dollars for the items needed for these systems. It also requires the police to have more presence in our local communities pulling them away from other issues. The postal service responds by creating more work for the delivery personnel by handing the parcels to someone in the house hold where they have to go door by door instead of using a mailbox for efficiency.
This deviance can be explained by Social Disorganization theory, unequal system, differential association theory, and control theory. The reason this falls into the Social Disorganization theory is due to the inability of the police to find and prosecute the individuals or take an extended period of time for the police to find them. Also, the group of individuals usually all reside within a specific geographical area reasoning the model of deviant behavior. The second theory that this falls into is the Unequal system due to the vast wealth inequality of areas within counties of California. Where people look to survive by any means necessary including theft. The third would be the differential association theory because this is an issue that has been going on for years in my county. Thereby other people have learned about this issue and the ease of it to gain money by modeling deviant behavior due to the low amount of people caught for the crime(s). The last would be control theory for the feelings and disconnections from society giving the need and modeling of the specific behaviors that others have done before them.
Repeat offenders arrested for mail theft in Menifee. Menifee 24/7. (2020, January 24). Retrieved February 4, 2023, from http://www.menifee247.com/2020/01/repeat-offenders…
FINC 331
1. James DeMoss
The same bond may sell at different prices for many reasons. Though bonds are the safest investment, the prices can still fluctuate due to the market and the bond’s characteristics. The bond’s yield to maturity, interest rates, or credit rating may change, which could then alter the price of the bond. A bond may also be selling at a premium or discount which means the market price of the bond is either higher or lower than its principle amount due at maturity (par value). Bond prices also share an inverse relationship with interest rates. When interest rates rise, bond prices fall, and vice versa. This can be beneficial because of the projected higher returns by maturity, but also accumulates a greater deal of risk. Most investors prefer short-term bonds over long-term, high yielding bonds. Preferred stock is very similar to bonds in the aspect that preferred stock represents ownership of a corporation and entitles the owner to dividends. Preferred stock also has credit ratings and are often callable. It is from these similarities that analysts treat preferred stock as a special type of bond.
Boundless Finance. (n.d.). Bond Valuation. University of Maryland Global Campus. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from https://www.umgc.edu/current-students/learning-res…
Hayes, A. (2022, November 22). The Bond Market. Investopedia. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bondmarket.as…
Lioudis, N. (2022, July 13). What causes a bond’s price to rise? Investopedia. Retrieved February 4, 2023, from https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/111414/wh…
2.Angela Huaman
The bond market is the largest traded market in the world. Bond markets are basically a loan that an investor makes to a corporation, a government, an agency, or a municipality. In return for up-front cash, a corporation or government promises to make specific payments to a bondholder on specific dates. A bond is normally an interest rate-only loan, meaning that the borrower will pay the interest every period, but none of the principal will be repaid until the end of the loan (Ross, Westerfield, & Jordan, 2003).
The price of a bond and the interest rate have an inverse relationship; as interest rates rise, the price of a bond falls. In the money market, there are always two types of interest rates: the bid and the ask. There is always a difference between these two rates found in the market, and at these two rates, the bonds are priced. Therefore, the same bond buys and sells at different prices.
Firstly, the preferred stock forms the ownership that is offered by the companies as a stake. This is when the dividends are realized and distributed over a set period of guaranteed payments.This will guarantee that in the case where the financials of the given corporation go bankrupt and eventually get dissolved, the investors will be at the same liberty as the stockholders in receiving the preference payment over the common distributions of the corporation’s assets.
Secondly, when the preferred stock is dealt in by the investors, they will buy it for the current income and thus earn interest and the premiums that accrue over the specified time frame. This is opposed to the perspective of capital appreciation. According to financial analysts, preferred stock is a debt security rather than an equity security.
Finance Zack, (2018). Reason-treat-preferred-stock-debt-rather-equity. Retrieved from: http finance.zacks.com/reason-treat-preferred-stock-debt-rather-equity-2828.html.
Ross, Westerfield, & Jordan (2003) Fundamentals of Corporate Finance. Retrieve from https://books.google.com.pe/books/about/Fundamentals_of_Corporate_Finance.html?id=93haAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y
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